Hi Holly,
I'll share my perspective on this and I hope it's helpful to you. I've been doing SEO part or full-time since 2008.
The most successful way that I've found to generate repeatable high-quality new links to our website has been to do a lot of aggressive linkbuilding via guest blogging with other blogs or websites in our field. It's been very successful but it is time consuming. My personal goal is to try and get one new targeted link with good anchor text every day. Some days are better than others - I've had days where I get five or more links in a day, and days where I don't get any.
Guest blogging can be time consuming (it's a lot of writing!) but you can get great, targeted links from it, and Google usually recognizes them quickly since they tend to crawl and index blogs very aggressively. I'm not always shooting for A-list blogs in our field either, but a variety. I generally looking for websites that have a mozRank of 4.0 or higher for this. People in the middle of our field are usually much more responsive and helpful (they're hungry for content, like that we offer to co-promote our blog posts, etc.) and work with me more often. If their mR is under 4, the link may not be worth the effort and I'll only consider it if I really think there's some other reason its worthwhile.
I also try to produce about one good infographic a month, and post it to our blog and offer embed code and everything else good with it. These are the days that I can usually get five or six new links from spending about $400-500 and about two hours of my own time providing data, guidance, etc. with a designer to create the graphic. It depends on your budget, but to me that feels worth it. Overall, this has been really effective for us and I've been meeting my goals.
I haven't seen Dr Pete's webinar, but 10 links in a day does seem a little high - That's quite a lot. You might be able to do that if you gave up on trying to get specific anchor text and went for volume, or if you have a uniquely dedicated following who write about and cover many of your activities on their own blogs or websites (like I suspect SEOmoz does). I would encourage you to try to concretely network with more blogs and websites in our field/niche and expand your relationship with them, and keep the goal in mind:
"What can I do to get a link today?" or whatever your goal is that will deliver SEO success to you. From my experience so far, this hustle has been more valuable than any other piece of specific advice I've had. I think I have to thank Justin Briggs for that one - I think his quote that inspired me to that was "Link building is hard. Just f-ing do it." or something like that. I re-interpreted into the above.
I hope this helps!