Hi Philip,
You definitely want to look into Custom Post Types. By creating a new Custom Post Type, it can allow you to create another set of content in the same manner as "Posts" (non-archived) or "Pages" (archived & hierarchical) you can then use to separate your content into buckets like you mention. For some folks we will create very specific custom post types like "Products" that feature items for sale. You can also create custom fields that apply to just those post types that can then be used to add additional meta data to the custom post.
Two plugins we use for this are-
- Types - https://wordpress.org/plugins/types/
- Advanced Custom Fields - http://wordpress.org/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/
Obviously there are others but that should get you started. I'm happy to reply to any other questions you may have, just leave a comment. Good luck!